Search for the movement of authoring lexical items in the Koran with references
Introduction:
I
accept the Muslims on the Koran eagerly since the beginning of Islam,
ponder His signs, and understand the meanings contained in his words,
Vhfezoh by heart, and compiled in the Qur'an, and wrote in his
interpretation and likeness, and his eloquence and etiquette of him a
lot. And embarked scientists to identify
the meanings of strange vocabulary, and put the indexes, and
dictionaries for his words and continue the process of authoring and
preparation in this area continues to this day, because the words of God
Almighty does not run out of sense, and because the bids Quran multiple
and renewable, and will people find in his verses as an inexhaustible
source of his research and thinking and his mind and his life.
We
will stand in this study when the word Koran, which has preoccupied
scientists, Vsnfoa books in the vocabulary of strange the Koran, and
laid to his words indexes, dictionaries, and we'll talk about its
significance and the methodology of preparation and the goals set for
it, and the point of those scientists in their work, and compare the
vocabulary of strange and dictionaries of words, and also talking on
the role of computer in the provision of indexes and gazetteers Quranic
words and the relationship of computer Balmktob on paper.
Muslim interest in Koranic words:
Terms
of the importance in human life as they reflect what was in his heart,
and translate the meanings and emotions inside, which along with a means
to address the other, and the more perfected Khatib, spokesman or his
words were carefully chosen and its effect on the recipients reported.
The
words are the containers of meanings and Khazen her, and presented on
the meanings, it was mentioned by Imam glory of religion I'm the air
when talking about what it takes to learn modern science, he said: "One
out of words, and the second to know the Meaning, no doubt that the
knowledge of the wording is presented in rank, because it is the parent
in the speech , and gets the understanding, if known, the consequences of the meanings, was the first interest in her statement "([1]).
And
the importance of words Arab condition of the imams in the Faqih
knowledge and knowledge of them, were quoted as saying: "Science is the
language of the Arabs and the duty of every related science Quran and
Sunnah and fatwas because, even for the richest one of them with him, so
that the Quran descending language of the Arabs, and the Messenger of
Allah (peace be upon him him) Arabic, it
wanted to know what the book of God Almighty and the Sunnah of His
Messenger (peace be upon him) from each Arabic word or systems
surprisingly, did not find the flag appeared in "([2]).
Scientists and make language learning is a communal obligation. Ibn Hazm said: As for as the imposition of sufficiently ... Because
God says) and sent a messenger except with the language of his people
to show them Faisal God wills, and guides whom He Aziz al-Hakim (Ibrahim
verse / 4 / and the importance of words is Allah for the believers
choose and change its typeface, including what is better, he says) O who believe, do not tell Raina and say is right for us and the unbelievers a humiliating punishment (Al-Baqarah verse 104.
The
word (Raina) of the observance of the attention and the grace and the
origin of care is the consideration of human interests, and crafts Jews
Fjaloha word insult derived from the frivolity which is foolish, and
therefore forbade the Almighty by the faithful, and ordered them to
Bibdalha word (right for us) to consider and wait ([3 ]).
And
hating the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) some words, ordered
the Muslims replace them, and said: [not any of you say, "Kbutt myself,"
but to say: "to measure myself"] Agreed.
The scholars said: the meaning of Kbutt: Gtt a meaning "to measure", but hate the word slag of the same ([4]).
And
get us the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) on the accuracy of
the words he said: "[Do not say what God wills and so and so, but tell
me what God wills and so and so] Narrated by Abu Dawood attribution
correctly.
Given the importance of the
Koran for Muslims, started to care for and signs and Bolvaza Itdberunha
because they carry meaning, he says) sent down to you a book full of
blessings and to remember the signs Alloa understanding (Surah Al-verse
29.
They asked the Holy Prophet, if they are confused about the word or Gamad them meaning.
He
stated Qurtubi in his Tafseer (the whole 7 / 30), quoting the correct
Ibn Masud, came down to the words of God) who believe and obscure not
their belief with injustice (cattle verse / 82 / crack on the companions
of the Messenger of God, and said among us has not unfair to himself?
Said Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): it is
not as you think, but is as Luqman said to his son:) My son does not
involve God that great injustice to shirk (Luqman verse 13 and after
that moved the Holy Prophet to the higher ranks, the Muslims are turning
to senior companions The officers inquired about words Koran.
Some
of them refrain from saying his opinion, the semantic Qur'an, was asked
Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him about the meaning of (the
father) in the verse), fruit and a father (and he said: "Any sky Tzlni?
Any land take me? If I said in the Book of God, what I do not know "([5])
and the deepening of the companions in the understanding of the Koran,
and was considered to Abdullah bin Abbas as a pioneer in the
interpretation of the Koran and the search for meaning and disclosure of
strange and cite him to notice, making people accept it ask and listen
to him, answering questions with a capacity of science and spaciousness was
like a scoop of the sea, and this is what made them call him (ink of
the nation and an interpreter Koran). have attempted to Nafi bin blue,
to ask Ibn Abbas, he went with the owner the rescue of Ben Awimmer him
and said: "We want to ask for things from the book of God Vtvsrha us and
comes to us Bmsaddagaha of the language of the
Arabs, Allah revealed the Quran but the plain Arabic language. Ibn
Abbas: what Slaney also seemed to ...".
It
was, inter alia, he asked him about that Nafie said: "Tell me about the
verse), find our Lord (he said: the greatness of our Lord, said Arabs
do you know that? Said:" Yes I heard the words of illiteracy ibn Abi
al-Salt:
Thank you and our Lord and King Alname * there is nothing very top of you and Amjad ([6])
Thus,
claimed the blue bin Nafi Ibn Abbas asks and answers explaining citing
what he says to notify the Arabs, until it reached more than eighty
issues matter, later called (blue bin Nafi issues).
First strange vocabulary Qur'an:
Strange
to speak of but it is a mysterious and long-term understanding, and the
strange Quran has said about Abu Hayyan Andalusi (d. 745) in his
introduction to his book "a masterpiece in the Koran, including
judicious strange":
"Languages of the
Holy Qur'aan on two sections: the almost involved in understanding the
meaning generally Arabized and the elite, Kmadlol heaven and earth,
above and below, and the Department of respect to his knowledge of his
viewing and navigating in the Arabic language, who wrote more people
there and they called it strange the Koran."
Notes
on these works, they not only exotic words, but transcended it to some
of the words known to the general public such as the word "sheep", which
has been corroborated by Raghib Isfahani d. / 502 / e in his book
"vocabulary in a strange Koran." He said: "sheep known, he says), and cattle and sheep We have forbidden them Ahovernmma (cattle, verse 146 ([7]).
Like
the word "tree", which appeared in the Qur'an to Abu Ghraib Hayyan
Andalusi said: trees in the verse (and in the trees and what they erect
the meaning) verse / 68 / what he had in the leg.
There were words of another well-known such as the moon, man, hunting ,.... This
can be named wrote a strange interpretation of the Koran as a set of
vocabulary words to the Quran and it is not limited to just strange.
The development of copyright in a strange Qur'an:
The first to say the Koran is surprisingly Ibn Abbas, and printed a book in a strange Qur'an ([8]).
The
issues Nafi bin blue d. / 65 / e has proved in perfection for the
resettlement of a publication in the "evidence of the Koran" to my
father dust, the virtual and the "miracle of the Koran" to Aisha Abdul
Rahman (girl beach) and dissemination of Muhammad Fuad Abdul Baqi in the
"Dictionary of strange Quran extract from Sahih
Bukhari, "according to these issues in the books of other heritage, and
the second author in the Koran is strange to Abu Said ibn Aban beat Ben
Rabah al-Bakri of the deceased / 141 / e and without corroborating
evidence of hair.
That is why we
say: The beginning of the codification of the Koran in a strange first
half of the second century of migration, and continued to the present
era, and will content ourselves with the remembrance of models for the
evolution of strange-authored books.
The
scientists put books in a strange Koran in the second and third
centuries AD, but most of these books have, and books that have reached
us (strange the Qur'an) to Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Muslim bin Qutaybah
Aldeanori (d. 276) ([9]).
In the
fourth century the scientists writing in a strange prepared a Quran Abu
Bakr Muhammad ibn Aziz bin Ahmed Sajistani d. / 330 / e-book (picnic
hearts in the interpretation of things unseen?) ([10]).
In
the fifth century put Raghib Isfahani deceased / 502 / e book named
"strange vocabulary in the Koran" ([11]) has mastered the author
arranged the characters taking into account the early vocabulary words.
And
A in the strange people of the sixth century AH Abu al-Faraj ibn
al-Jawzi / 510 597 / e and named his book / ticket judicious / ([12]).
It
is well known books in the eighth century AH "masterpiece judicious,
including in the Qur'an Stranger" by Shaykh raised Din Abu Hayyan
Andalusi deceased / 745 / e ([13]) and book (the mayor of preservation
in the interpretation of Ashraf words) of the fat-Halabi, who died (756)
e collection in which the words of the Koran and interpreted ([14]).
And
continued writing in strange then, in the third century AH put Mustapha
Ben Hanafi bin Hassan Golden deceased (1280) e-book "a strange
interpretation of the Koran."
In
modern times put Sheikh Nadeem bridge the Mufti of Tripoli of Lebanon
and the author of the book "The Story of Faith" book called (strange the
Koran and similar) has been printed repeatedly.
Method of preparation of textbooks is strange:
The
copyright in a strange Koran was in its early stages, depends on the
interpretation of his words on the hair and especially ignorant of it,
as we have seen in matters of useful bin blue, and he did so I'm
Qutaybah in the "strange Koran," as he cited to notice, speeches, and
statements of the Arabs, have been brought to Umar ibn Khattab
may Allah be pleased with him that and he said to the Muslims: "O
people, you felt Bdiwankm ignorance, the interpretation of the meaning
of your letter and your words," ([15]).
And
some of them resorted to the books of interpretation and language books
in the interpretation of their vocabulary, and this is what to do
Raghib Isfahani in the "strange vocabulary in the Koran."
The
books draw strange prose, but some scientists organized by the poetry
as he did Zinedine Abou El Fadl Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Husayn ibn Abd
al-Rahman, known Balhafez Kurdish Iraqi who died in / 806 / H, called
the book "Goals strange Koran" ([16]).
In
terms of the order of words, the book is strange, she was in, inter
alia, lack of precision and systematic organization of different
modalities, in the book (a masterpiece judicious including in the Qur'an
is strange) to Abu Hayyan Andalusi (d. 745) e adopted the author on the
first letter only of the material and collected arbitrarily
in each character, came to investigators and arranged vocabulary of a
new arrangement, and arranged some authors vocabulary in the order of
the fence Quran, as in the strange Quran by Ibn Qutaiba deceased / 276 /
e, in making his book sections according to the wall, marched on the
order of the fence in the Koran, and arranged Raghib
Isfahani, az book arrangement, he said in his introduction, explaining
his approach "has been asked Allah to dictate a book meets the
vocabulary words of the Koran on the letters spelling, we offer the
beginning and then a thousand" B "on the alphabetical order of ..." But did not fully take into account the second character.
And
approaches to many of those who wrote in strange later this approach,
benefiting scientists from each other, then the owner of "Mayor of
maintaining in the interpretation of Ashraf words," Sheikh Ahmed bin
Yousuf bin Abdul Permanent Halabi known Basameen deceased / 756 / E may
follow in the ranking approach dictionaries enhanced explanation words
trial verses and talking and proverbs and poetry, was adopted out of
the floor devoid of appendages, and analyzed the word abstract of the
more, and subjected to its origins and derivations and the development
of meaning and the differences in this sense in terms of use, ie that
the author has been following the word Srvia and fundamentalist is more
than the book "vocabulary" of Esfahani , was
completed in his book "The mayor maintained" shortcomings contained in
the readings, and hit things that have taken on Isfahani ([17]). No sooner alphabetical lexical system that settled in the last centuries.
It
was the authors in this science, benefiting subsequent those of the
former, and avoids the shortcomings, and cut things dwell on the other,
and dwells in things beautiful, and adds new things, making the new
author is more accurate and the quality and usefulness of its
predecessor, and this shows the remarkable development in this area.
It shows that what I'm Qutaybah in his book "Stranger Quran":
"Our
purpose which Amtthelnah in our book that we abbreviate, and complete,
and to clarify and embellish and not to cite the word vulgar in our
book, do not increase our significance to the character guide, and not
Nhaco our grammar and modern grounds, I would, if made in transfer talk
to we need to bring the interpretation of the predecessor mercy God's given them, even if we came to those words was like all our books authored by the shift to talk. "
One
way of writing followed by the contemporary collection of many of the
books of strange arrangement Olvazaa in one book, and this is what I do,
Sheikh Abdul Aziz al-Izz al-Din Alserawan who set up the "Dictionary of
the Whole of the strange vocabulary of the Koran" selected the most
important sources of strange Koran, and collected in this book are:
A strange interpretation of the Koran by Ibn Qutaybah. 2 masterpiece, including judicious in the Qur'an is strange to Abu Hayyan Granada. 3 dictionary strange Quran by Ibn Abbas. 4 Book of the mayor in a strange Koran Makki ibn Abi Talib.
And arranged that the whole lexicon, according to the return of all a word to the root of language ([18]).
Goal of the vocabulary of strange Qur'an:
The
goal of the strange situation the Koran, is to provide the meanings of
Quranic vocabulary of alien scientists, writers and students of science.
Raghib Isfahani said in the introduction to his
vocabulary: "The first thing that needs to operate its Quranic sciences,
science, verbal, and science achievement of verbal phrases Vthesel
individual meanings of vocabulary words in the Koran as one of the first
Associate Administrator for anyone who wants to understand meanings ...
and not so useful in Flag of the Koran, but is
beneficial in all knowledge of Islamic sciences, Volvaz the Koran: the
core language of the Arabs and Zbdth and Oasitth and Kraimh, and the
adoption of the scholars and wise men in their sentences and the like,
and the alarming poets and rhetoricians in their systems and Ntarham ...
"
It has been said Shams al-Din
Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ibn Abd al-Qadir al-Razi who died about a year /
666 / e in his book "Stranger Koran" that students of science and the
campaign of the Koran asked him to collect them a strange interpretation
of the Koran he replied ...."([ 19]).
The
scientists intend to instructing the face of God, it all starts with
one of them often praise of God and prayer be upon the Messenger of
Allah and his companions and his family, and states that he wants to
work the face of God Almighty.
For example, we recall what was said by the Iraqi keeper in the introduction to "A Millennium strange Quran":
Praise God, Praise be completed * the greater the hands for counting
After the slave is intended to regulate * strange words of the Koran bones
Then he says:
Ortji and benefit in the immediate * and for God, and hope an asset
He says at the end of the millennium:
And supplemented at Suez return * of the virtue of my Lord Hamda
Praying on the Prophet of Mercy * It is me and patrons two means ([20])
Thus
we have seen the importance of books strange Koran in the
interpretation of what I form of the vocabulary of the Koran, presented
to scientists and researchers, as we have noted the development,
preparation and approach, and the interest of the Muslims of the
investigation and printing until it reached editions of some scores, and
demonstrated to us the point of scientists from Tolifam, and their
sincerity in their work, and command him.
Second, indexes words Koran and dictionaries
Having
seen what his scientists in the past efforts in the classification of
vocabulary strange Quran, we will stand when the efforts of contemporary
scholars who have followed the interest words Koran, having developed
the curriculum, and renewed in the manner and purpose, they put the
indexes to the words of the Qur'an, to guide the student to place words
in the verses Quran and chapters, and then put the
dictionaries to explain the meanings of these words after that remember
the verses that it was received, and prepared some scientists
specialized dictionaries, each dictionary including vocabulary with a
single topic.
Dictionaries have developed words Koran in the twentieth century and has gone through stages of the three:
1 indexes the words of the Koran and the parties signs.
2 dictionaries for the words of the Koran.
Three specialized dictionaries for the words of the Koran.
Phase I: Indexes words of the Koran:
There
is a difference between the index and the lexicon: Vafihrs arrange
words, and rub on the place of receipt, the lexicon Firtbha and explain.
And
has called for the need to develop indexes for words Koran, make it
easier for researchers to access the Qur'anic words smoothly, appealed
attention of Muslims and Orientalists in the first third of the
twentieth century to develop indexes to words of the Koran and the
parties signs.
It works a leader in this area:
1 Stars Criterion on the outskirts of the Qur'an: The German Orientalist (Vlocal).
2 Open Rahman: Author Ali Zadeh flood of Allah.
3 key treasures Rahman: Kazem for you.
4 Order book Zepa: To Hafez Mahmoud Alordari.
5 Glossary of verses of the Koran: Hussein Nassar.
6 Concordance to the words of the Koran: Professor Muhammad Fuad Abdul Baqi.
The
most important of these indexes index Professor Muhammad Fuad Abdul
Baqi, who benefited from the experience of Orientalist (Vlocal), when
briefed on the book (the Stars Criterion on the outskirts of the Koran)
impressed by them, but he found some of the imperfections and
shortcomings, Vcmr on the sleeves, the sleepless nights Vtorgom this
travel completed shortcomings, and directed by
directing a new and added to it, and he called (Concordance to the words
of the Koran) and arranged the articles of this dictionary arranged
alphabetically, after stripping word of characters increase, and came on
as Ooailha Fetoaneha Fetwaltha, and began lexicon indexed material (a
bb) and ends with a substance ( j and m) is
sufficient to know the word of the verse so that tells you the position
of the Sura, and reminds you of a verse as well.
The
way followed in the mentioned items (article) are getting started
already abstract the active voice: Fmdharah told him his past, then the
passive voice from the past and the present tense, then more Baltdaev
Valmazid character ... Etc., then the names and derivatives as the source name and the name of the active force and the rest of the names ....
And
methodology in each of the word be mentioned: the number of times word
in the Koran, the verses that received the word, and prove in front of
each verse number, in the sura and symbolizes b / k / verse Meccan and B
/ C / verse civil, and then mention the name of the Sura and number in
the Koran. End quote the author of the preparation
of index this in 1945, then printed and issued by the figures for signs
match mentioned in the Koran, which took over the Egyptian government
at the time of printing, then released dictionary templates multiple
Arab countries and Muslim, and took over the Dar Al-Fikr Damascus in /
1407 / e publishing and printing on the sidelines
of the Holy Quran itself for easy reference to the fence and the verses
immediately, and good special editions Turkish edition of the Islamic
Library in Istanbul in Turkey in 1982.
And I accept people, researchers and scientists to benefit from it immensely.
And
the beholder in this dictionary finds contains words of the Koran
except pronouns and tools, prompting Dr. (Ismail Ahmed Amayreh) to
prepare (dictionary tools and pronouns in the Qur'an) Index of the tools
and pronouns in the Koran, so as to facilitate this for those who study
the tools condition or deny or question or Restrictions or separate pronouns or similar sections of the lesson or grammar or stylistic rhetoric in the Koran. This dictionary is divided into two large, traveling from one another. Section I: Tools. Section II: pronouns ([21]).
There
are other attempts came after Mr. Muhammad Fuad Abdul Baqi, was
prepared by Dr. (Mohammad Hassan Al-Homsi) index to the words of the
Koran printed with the Qur'an, which tail the reasons for taking to the
resettlement with some conversations interpreted the verses and added to
the index words index to subjects the Koran, he gathered several books
in the book of one.
The index
terms that concerns us in this research, it was developed by Dr.
Al-Homsi in brief and intensive help to reveal the whereabouts of the
fence in the required word and verse, but he did not mention the full
text of the verse.
We have
arranged Dr. Homsi words arranged alphabetically after stripping it of
characters increase, said in front of each word sura number and verse
number, and in order to distinguish the student between Sura and verse
to make the sura number color and verse number color contrast, and
ignored the author's tabulation of all the characters and most
circumstances, and the names of the reference tools and the condition
and names linked, He did not mention some phrases that have been received by each word in the Quran ([22]).
These
indexes provided the effort and time for scientists, researchers, and
provided a great service to them, and paved the way for the development
of dictionaries of more capacity and comprehensive and useful.
Phase II: Dictionary of Words in the Quran:
The
indexes words of the Koran, the researcher to the location of word in
the Koran, then he should look for meaning in written language and
interpretation of the Koran, so called for the need to develop
dictionaries indicate the words and Tcherhaa to ease the researcher
hardship research and make it easy to collect material for the study and
writing, and the work was
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